Researchers have identified a thriving global online market for preserved human remains, raising concerns about potential health risks associated with this niche industry.
A recent study published in the International Journal of Cultural Property examined 128 online listings between 2015 and 2025 showcasing human and animal remains for sale. Lead author Kirsty Squires, a bioarchaeology professor at the University of Staffordshire in England, noted that mummified heads, hands, and feet were commonly advertised.
The study highlighted that mummified body parts may contain dormant microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and yeast, posing health risks if mishandled. Improper storage conditions, as seen in some online images, can lead to deterioration of remains, potentially releasing harmful fungal spores or bacteria into the air.
Proper Handling of Mummies
Squires emphasized the importance of maintaining controlled environmental conditions for storing mummies to prevent microbial hazards. She underscored that handling human remains without proper protective gear could expose individuals, especially those with weakened immune systems, to airborne microorganisms that might cause respiratory or dermatological issues.
Additionally, some mummified body parts could contain toxic substances such as arsenic and mercury from historical embalming fluids.
Historical Dangers and Ethical Concerns
While the study did not report specific cases of illness from handling such remains, historical incidents like the deaths of conservation scientists in 1973 after exposure to mould spores serve as a reminder of potential risks. Ethical considerations surrounding the trade of human remains have also been raised, with concerns about cultural appropriation and the commodification of bodies.
Regulation and Enforcement
In Canada, where 11 online listings were identified in the study, regulations around the sale and shipment of human remains remain ambiguous. While Canada Post restricts the mailing of mummified human remains, private shipping companies like Purolator and UPS explicitly prohibit such shipments.
Experts urge for stricter laws to prohibit the online trade of human remains to prevent potential health hazards and address ethical concerns associated with this practice.
Efforts to regulate the handling and trading of mummified human remains are essential to ensure public health and ethical considerations are prioritized over commercial interests.